rack – Wiktionary

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See also: Rack, RACK,and räck

Contents

English[edit]

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Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

Noun

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[edit]

rack (plural racks)

Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

series of shelves

  • Armenian:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Basque:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Breton: estajerenn
  • Bulgarian: стелажm (stelaž)
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 架子(zh)(jià ​ zi)
  • Dutch: rek(nl)schap(nl)n
  • Esperanto:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Finnish: hyllykkö(fi)hylly(fi)teline(fi)räkki(fi)
  • French: étagère(fr)
  • Georgian:

    please add this translation if you can

  • German: Regal(de)n
  • Irish: racam, aidhleannf (for tools, utensils), alchaingf (literary ; for weapons, utensils, etc .)
  • Italian: rastrelliera(it)f
  • Khmer:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Latin: pluteusm
  • Mongolian:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Persian: قفسه(fa)(qafase)
  • Portuguese: estante(pt)f, armário(pt)m, compartimentosm pl
  • Romanian: raft(ro)n, etajeră(ro)f
  • Russian: этаже́рка(ru)f (etažérka), стелла́ж(ru)m (stelláž), по́лка(ru)f (pólka)
  • Spanish: estante(es)repisa(es)f
  • Thai:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Vietnamese:

    please add this translation if you can

see

luggage rackluggage rackframe for hanging objects

  • Armenian:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Basque:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Bulgarian: закачалка(bg)f (zakačalka)
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: (zh)(jià)
  • Dutch: rek(nl)n
  • Esperanto: vestarko
  • Finnish: naulakko(fi)
  • Georgian:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Irish: racam, aidhleannf (for tools, utensils), alchaingf (literary ; for weapons, utensils, etc .)
  • Khmer:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Korean: 횃대(hwaetdae)
  • Maori: tīrewa
  • Mongolian:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Persian: رگال(regâl)
  • Russian: ве́шалка(ru)f (véšalka)
  • Spanish: perchero(es)m
  • Swedish: (for clothing) klädhängare(sv)c
  • Thai:

    please add this translation if you can

  • Vietnamese:

    please add this translation if you can

cut of meat

  • Polish: żeberkapl
  • Swedish: revbensspjäll(sv)

Verb[edit]

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

Usage notes[edit]

In senses “torture” and “suffer pain”, frequently confused with wrack (“destroy”) (more rarely, wrack (“wreckage”)), both as stand-alone verb and in compounds.[1] In most uses, rack is correct, and wrack is incorrect.[2] Etymologically, nerve-racking (“stressful”), pain-racked, and rack one’s brain, rack one’s brains (“think hard”) are correct, while rack and ruin and storm-racked are incorrect, variants of wrack and ruin (“complete destruction”) and storm-wracked (“wrecked by a storm”).

Usage guidance differs: either prefer the etymologically correct term, prefer rack to (archaic) wrack, or use either. The etymologically correct forms are preferred by some style guides,[3] but the unetymological forms are well-established and in wide use, and other style guides simply consider them variant spellings.[4] Other style guides categorically ban wrack as archaic, suggesting modern synonyms like wreck, ruin, or destroy.[5] In some cases style guides are confused by the etymology, or feature unhistorical forms such as nerve-wracking.[6]

This confusion dates to Early Modern English in the 16th century (as in rack and ruin), and is presumably due to the influence of ⟨wr⟩ in words such as wreak, wreck, wrench, etc., which connote discomfort and torment.[7] Formally termed the graphaesthesia of the graphaestheme ⟨wr⟩, since identical sound /r/ to ⟨r⟩; compare with phonaesthesia.[8] Compare rapt/wrapt, and also ⟨gh⟩ as in ghost and ghastly.

Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

to cause someone to suffer pain as from the effects of disease

  • Maori: kōhurehure

to place or hang on a rack

  • Bulgarian: закачвам(bg)(zakačvam)

billiards, snooker, pool : to place the balls in a triangular rack on the table

slang : to strike a person in the testicles

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old English reċċan (“to stretch out, extend”).

Verb[edit]

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

  1. To stretch a person’s joints.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

stretch joints of a person

  • Portuguese: alongar(pt)estirar(pt)

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English reken, from Old Norse reka (“to be drifted, tost”)[9]

The noun is from Middle English rak, rakke, from Middle English rek (“drift; thing tossed ashore; jetsam”), from the verb.

Verb[edit]

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

  1. To drive; move; go forward rapidly; stir
  2. To fly, as vapour or broken clouds
Translations[edit]

To fly, as vapour or broken clouds

Noun[edit]

rack (uncountable)

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle English rakken.

Verb[edit]

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

  1. (brewing) To clarify, and thereby deter further fermentation of, beer, wine or cider by draining or siphoning it from the dregs.
    • 1631, ( please specify | century = I to X )”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries.

      [

      ]

      , 3rd edition, London: […] […], OCLC 1044372886:Francis [Bacon], “”, in, 3rd edition, London: VVilliam Rawley ; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee

      It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which we call racking), whereby it will clarify much the sooner.

Translations[edit]

brewing : to clarify by draining or siphoning from the dregs

  • Dutch: klaren(nl)

Etymology 5[edit]

See rack (“that which stretches”), or rock (verb).

Verb[edit]

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

Noun[edit]

rack (plural racks)

  1. A fast amble.

Etymology 6[edit]

See wreck.

Noun[edit]

rack (plural racks)

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 7[edit]

Noun[edit]

rack (plural racks)

  1. (obsolete) A young rabbit, or its skin.
    • 1869 February 13, “Rabbit Skin”, in All the Year Round, page 247:February 13, “ Rabbit Skin ”, in, page 247 :

      Now, sir, you would say a skin is a skin, we say it is a ‘ whole,’ or a ‘half,’ or a ‘quarter,’ or a ‘rack,’ or a ‘sucker. Suckers are skins of infant rabbits, and of little value. Eight racks are equal to one whole.

    • 1879, Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, page 380:

      The skin of a sucker is white, of a quarter, black and white striped, of a rack all black, and of a best all white.

    • 1882, Bees, rabbits, and pigeons; how to breed and how to rear them:

      Those would be of different shades of colour according to the time of year at which they were produced, those bred about May-day undergoing no change from their white colour, but from a white rack become a whole skin; […]

    • 1892, Henry Poland, Fur-bearing Animals in Nature and in Commerce, page 289:

      Rabbit skins are sorted into wholes, halves, quarters, racks, and suckers, or very small skins.

Etymology 8[edit]

Noun[edit]

rack

  1. arakAlternative form of

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from English rack.

Noun[edit]

rack n (plural rackuri)

Declension[edit]

singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un)

rack

rackul (niște) rackuri rackurile
genitive/dative (unui)

rack

rackului (unor) rackuri rackurilor
vocative rackule rackurilor

Spanish[edit]

Noun[edit]

rack m (plural racks)

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